The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines
Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā
Seventh of the thirteen god realms of form that correspond to the four meditative concentrations, meaning “Inner Radiance.”
The eastern buddhafield of the Buddha Akṣobhya.
A term meaning acceptance, forbearance, or patience. As the third of the six perfections, patience is classified into three kinds: the capacity to tolerate abuse from sentient beings, to tolerate the hardships of the path to buddhahood, and to tolerate the profound nature of reality. As a term referring to a bodhisattva’s realization, dharmakṣānti (chos la bzod pa) can refer to the ways one becomes “receptive” to the nature of Dharma, and it can be an abbreviation of anutpattikadharmakṣānti, “forbearance for the unborn nature, or nonproduction, of dharmas.”
The third of four stages or experiences of breaking through on the path of preliminary practice.
Fifth and highest of the five pure abodes, meaning “Highest.”
Lit. “Not Disturbed” or “Immovable One.” The buddha in the eastern realm of Abhirati. A well-known buddha in Mahāyāna, regarded in the higher tantras as the head of one of the five buddha families, the vajra family in the east.
The name of one of the four gardens of Dharmodgata’s estate in Gandhavatī.
Eleventh of the thirteen levels of the god realm of form that correspond to the four meditative concentrations, meaning “Cloudless.” In some versions of the longer Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, which list sixteen realms instead of thirteen, this god realm has the name Parīttabṛhat (Tib.
A major śrāvaka disciple and personal attendant of the Buddha Śākyamuni during the last twenty-five years of his life. He was a cousin of the Buddha (according to the Mahāvastu, he was a son of Śuklodana, one of the brothers of King Śuddhodana, which means he was a brother of Devadatta; other sources say he was a son of Amṛtodana, another brother of King Śuddhodana, which means he would have been a brother of Aniruddha).
Ānanda, having always been in the Buddha’s presence, is said to have memorized all the teachings he heard and is celebrated for having recited all the Buddha’s teachings by memory at the first council of the Buddhist saṅgha, thus preserving the teachings after the Buddha’s parinirvāṇa. The phrase “Thus did I hear at one time,” found at the beginning of the sūtras, usually stands for his recitation of the teachings. He became a patriarch after the passing of Mahākāśyapa.
The placing of attention, especially on four particular objects: body, feelings, mind, and phenomena. Classified among the dharmas of the path, and figuring among the thirty-seven factors in awakening. See n.218.
Sixth of the thirteen god realms of form that correspond to the four meditative concentrations, meaning “Immeasurable Radiance.”
Ninth of the thirteen god realms of form that correspond to the four meditative concentrations, meaning “Immeasurable Virtue.”
A god realm of form listed in this and other texts between the thirteenth heaven of the form realm, Bṛhatphala, and the five pure abodes of the form realm, known collectively as Śuddhāvāsa. Its name means “Being Without Conception.”
One of the kinds of ascetic practice, usually numbered as thirteen altogether, that were optionally followed by certain renunciant monks. See n.1076 and following notes.
Second of the five pure abodes, meaning “Painless.”
The name that six hundred future buddhas will all take after attaining awakening, as foreordained by the Buddha in chapter 21.
Second lowest of the five pure abodes, meaning “Slightest.”
The name of one of eight lotus pools in each of the gardens of Dharmodgata’s estate in Gandhavatī.
Describes a stage on the path of bodhisattvas (or bodhisattvas who have reached that stage) at which their realization is such that henceforth nothing can ever make them turn back from progressing toward the full awakening of a buddha.
Describes a stage on the path of bodhisattvas (or bodhisattvas who have reached that stage) at which their realization is such that henceforth nothing can ever make them turn back from continuing to make progress toward the full awakening of a buddha. For the sake of brevity our English rendering follows the Sanskrit and Tibetan, but it should not be understood as implying that such bodhisattvas have already attained the full awakening of a buddha.
“Irresistible Thundering Melodious Voice,” the name of the tathāgata in whose buddhafield the bodhisattva Sadāprarudita is said by the Buddha Śākyamuni to be presently residing after attaining his quest for the teachings, as described in the exemplary narrative of the final chapters of this sūtra, found also in the Twenty-Five Thousand but not in the other long Perfection of Wisdom sūtras.
The king of Magadha and a great patron of the Buddha. His birth coincided with the Buddha’s, and his father, King Mahāpadma, named him “Essence of Gold” after mistakenly attributing the brilliant light that marked the Buddha’s birth to the birth of his son by Queen Bimbī (“Goldie”). Accounts of Bimbisāra’s youth and life can be found in The Chapter on Going Forth (Toh 1-1, Pravrajyāvastu).
King Śreṇya Bimbisāra first met with the Buddha early on, when the latter was the wandering mendicant known as Gautama. Impressed by his conduct, Bimbisāra offered to take Gautama into his court, but Gautama refused, and Bimbisāra wished him success in his quest for awakening and asked him to visit his palace after he had achieved his goal. One account of this episode can be found in the sixteenth chapter of The Play in Full (Toh 95, Lalitavistara). There are other accounts where the two meet earlier on in childhood; several episodes can be found, for example, in The Hundred Deeds (Toh 340, Karmaśataka). Later, after the Buddha’s awakening, Bimbisāra became one of his most famous patrons and donated to the saṅgha the Bamboo Grove, Veṇuvana, at the outskirts of the capital of Magadha, Rājagṛha, where he built residences for the monks. Bimbisāra was imprisoned and killed by his own son, the prince Ajātaśatru, who, influenced by Devadatta, sought to usurp his father’s throne.
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shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā). Toh 12, Degé Kangyur vol. 33 (brgyad stong, ka), folios 1.b–286.a.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 33, pp. 33–723.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā). H 11, Lhasa Kangyur vol. 29 (brgyad stong pa, a), folios 1.a–523.a. (BDRC: MW26071).
Ārya Vimuktisena. mngon rtogs rgyan gyi ’grel pa (Abhisamayālaṃkāravṛtti). Toh 3787, Degé Tengyur vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), folios 13.a–212.a.
Haribhadra. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i bshad pa mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi snang ba (Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāparamitavyākhyānābhisamayālaṃkārālokā) [“Light”]. Toh 3791, Degé Tengyur vol. 85 (shes phyin, cha), folios 1.b–341.a.
Maitreya-Asaṅga. [shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos] mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan (Abhisamayālaṃkāra-[nāmaprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrakārikā]) [Ornament of Clear Realization]. Toh 3786, Degé Tengyur vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), folios 1.b–13.a; also TPD 49: 3–30.
Ratnākaraśānti (rin chen ’byung gnas zhi ba). ’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i dka’ ’grel snying po mchog (Sāratamānāmaaryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāpañjikā). Toh 3803, Degé Tengyur vol. 89 (shes phyin, tha), folios 1.a–230.a; also TPD 53: 711–1317. (For a Tibetan critical edition of chapter one, see Seton 2016, Appendix I.)
Ratnākaraśānti. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag (Prajñāpāramitopadeśa). Toh 4079, Degé Tengyur vol. 138 (sems tsam, hi), folios 133.b–162.b.
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84000. The Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines (Śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā, shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag brgya pa, Toh 8). Translated by Gareth Sparham. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024.
84000. The Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-Five Thousand Lines (Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā, shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa, Toh 9). Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2023.
84000. The Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines (Aṣṭādaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā, shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri brgyad stong pa, Toh 10). Translated by Gareth Sparham. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2022.
84000. The Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines (Daśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā, shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri pa, Toh 11). Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2018.
84000. The Chapter on Going Forth (Pravrajyāvastu, rab tu ’byung ba’i gzhi, chapter 1 of Vinayavastu, Toh 1). Translated by Robert Miller. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2018.
84000.The Dhāraṇī “Entering Into Nonconceptuality” (Avikalpapraveśadhāraṇī, rnam par mi rtog par ’jug pa’i gzungs, Toh 142). Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2020.
84000. Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings (Arthaviniścaya, don rnam par nges pa’i chos kyi rnam grangs, Toh 317). Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2021.
84000. The Sūtra of the Wheel of Dharma (Dharmacakrasūtra, chos kyi ’khor lo’i mdo, Toh 337). Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2018.
84000. The Teaching on the Purification Practices from the Path to Liberation (Vimuktimārgadhutaguṇanirdeśa, Toh 306). Translated by Sue Roach. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, forthcoming.
84000. The Teaching of Vimalakīrti (Vimalakīrtinirdeśasūtra, dri ma med par grags pas bstan pa’i mdo, Toh 176). Translated by Robert A. F. Thurman. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2017.
84000. The Ten Bhūmis (Daśabhūmika, su bcu pa, Toh 44, ch. 31). Translated by Peter Alan Roberts. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2021.
84000. Upholding the Roots of Virtue (Kuśalamūlasaṃparigraha, dge ba’i rtsa ba yongs su ’dzin pa, Toh 101). Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2020.
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